Nuclear security refers to a range of actions intended to stop illicit proliferation and nuclear terrorism, as well as to prevent unauthorised access to nuclear materials, infrastructure, and technology. The role of non-state actors has grown in importance in the current environment. Because of their adaptability, secrecy, and potential access to nuclear materials, non-state actors— which can include everything from terrorist groups to criminal networks—pose serious dangers to nuclear security.
The A.Q. Khan network is a prime illustration of the illicit nuclear trade, in which the transfer of nuclear technology and experience was made possible by a state-sponsored proliferation network. These networks serve as a warning about the perils of unlawful proliferation and the necessity of strong international enforcement and collaboration protocols.